The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) have warned that extreme workplace heat is emerging as a major threat to workers’ health and economic productivity, as climate change drives more frequent and intense heatwaves.

The joint report, the first on workplace heat stress since 1969, states that millions of workers worldwide are already exposed to dangerous conditions. It calls for urgent adaptation measures by governments, employers, and labor organizations.

Health and Safety Risks:

The report emphasizes that heat stress is not merely a matter of discomfort but a serious medical risk. Prolonged exposure that pushes body temperature beyond 38°C can cause dehydration, kidney failure, heat stroke, or even death. Vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and people with chronic illnesses face heightened risks.

Productivity Losses:

Extreme heat is also damaging economies. According to the report, for every 1°C rise above 20°C, worker productivity drops by around 2%. Accident rates also climb: Switzerland’s national insurance fund reported a 7% increase in workplace accidents during the 2023 heatwave, largely due to fatigue, poor concentration, and sleep disruption.

Europe’s Early Adaptation Moves:

Some European countries have begun adjusting workplace practices. Italy passed an emergency decree in July allowing construction workers to halt during the hottest hours of the day. In parts of Switzerland, building sites were temporarily closed during the 2023 heatwave. Unions have argued that it is “irresponsible” to force laborers to continue working under extreme temperatures simply to meet project deadlines.

Schools and Public Institutions:

The challenge extends beyond workplaces. Schools in Germany and Switzerland, where summer temperatures now regularly exceed 30°C, are reconsidering heat policies. Teachers’ associations have called for better ventilation and air conditioning in older buildings to protect both students and staff.

A Call for Investment:

Adaptation measures — from shaded rest areas and water breaks for outdoor workers to redesigned uniforms and retrofitted public buildings — are available, but they require upfront investment. The WHO warns that failing to adopt such measures will cost more in the long run, as productivity declines and medical expenses rise.

“Heatwaves are no longer rare occurrences,” the report concludes. “Neglecting to adapt workplaces, schools, and hospitals to withstand rising temperatures risks severe health consequences and significant economic losses.”

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