Researchers at the University of Oxford have found that late-night eating can increase the risk of the world’s most common liver disease, MASLD (Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease), previously called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
MASLD affects about 40% of adults globally and is more common in people who are overweight. The disease is serious because it can lead to liver failure, liver cancer, and heart disease. A key feature of MASLD is insulin resistance, which makes it easier for fat to accumulate in the liver.
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The study used advanced tests, including blood work, liver biopsies, and insulin sensitivity checks during the day and night. Researchers observed people with and without MASLD to understand how their metabolism changes over 24 hours. They found that the liver produces more fat at night, and insulin resistance worsens in the liver, muscles, and belly fat. Blood insulin levels also drop at night, making it harder to control sugar and fat, creating conditions that allow fat to build up in the liver.
The study also found that many people with MASLD consume a large part of their daily calories in the evening, often more than 40% at dinner. Eating late, when the body handles sugar and fat less effectively, may create a “double hit” that worsens the disease.
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Lead researcher Dr. Thomas Marjot said the findings could help develop new strategies to prevent and treat MASLD, such as timing meals, exercise, and medications. Avoiding large late-night meals may reduce liver damage.
Overall, the study highlights that when we eat is as important as what we eat, and managing mealtime could help protect the liver and improve treatment approaches.
